The Influence of the Implant Macrogeometry on Insertion Torque, Removal Torque, and Periotest Implant Primary Stability: A Mechanical Simulation on High-Density Artificial Bone

Background: The primary stability is a determinant clinical condition for the success of different dental implants macro-design in bone density using validated and repeatable vitro technique employing solid rigid polyurethane blocks. Materials Methods: Five 3.8 × 13 mm2 each (i.e., IK—tapered; IC—cylindric; IA—active blade shape) were positioned into 20- 30- pounds per cubic foot (PCF) Bucco-lingual (BL) mesial-distal (MD) implant quotient score (ISQ) was assessed by resonance frequency analysis while, insertion/removal torques evaluated dynamometric ratchet. Results: IC shown better terms ISQ compared to IA IK lower block (20 PCF), while superior higher (30 PCF). removal torque 30-PCF IC. Conclusions: study effectiveness on artificial with isotropic symmetry structure showed that might represent key factor stability, particular low-density alveolar bone. Clinicians should consider patients features geometry during jaws rehabilitation. Further investigations are needed generalize these findings.